4.3.1. Capital repairs of the engine - the general information
Definition of degree of need of performance of capital repairs of the engine not in all cases appears a simple task and usually demands the accounting of a wide range of various symptoms and factors.
The considerable run at all optional is a sign that the engine needs capital repairs. On the other hand, the insignificant term of operation of the car cannot also be considered a sufficient guarantee of serviceability of a condition of the power unit. Perhaps, the major factor defining engine service life is the frequency and a regularity of performing procedures of the general and routine maintenance of the car. At normal leaving, frequent performance of change of engine oil and the other procedures stipulated by the schedule the engine reliably will serve throughout many and many thousands of kilometers of a run. On the contrary, the careless relation to performance of routine maintenance together with inept driving can be resulted in need of carrying out capital repairs of the power unit already later very short time.
The excessive consumption of engine oil can be considered a signal of need of check of a condition of piston rings, maslootrazhatelny caps and/or the directing plugs of valves. Naturally, first of all, it is necessary to make sure that losses of oil are not connected with development of its external leaks. Ask for the help qualified specialists who will help to define the general condition of the engine of your car on the basis of analyses of results of check of compression pressure in cylinders (see. The repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - the petrol engines or Repair procedures which are not demanding extraction of the engine from the car - diesel engines).
Check oil pressure, having connected the suitable manometer instead of the sensor switch of a control lamp. Compare results of measurement to standard requirements (see Specifications). Excessively low pressure of oil can be a sign of wear of radical/conrod bearings of a bent shaft and/or the oil pump.
Loss of the developed power, violation of stability of turns, excessive noise background during the operation of the valvate mechanism, the increased fuel consumption are also among signs of need of carrying out capital repairs of the engine, in particular, when all these factors are shown at the same time. If performance of a full range of settings does not help with elimination of the deviations taking place, performance of the recovery work connected with machining of components will remain the only reasonable way out.
Capital repairs of the power unit mean restoration of all its working parameters to the level characteristic of the new engine. During capital repairs replacement of sleeves of cylinders (is without fail made at the corresponding complete set), pistons and piston rings. Radical and conrod bearings are usually replaced, the pro-point and restoration of necks of a bent shaft can be in case of need made. Service of valves which condition at the time of emergence of need for carrying out capital repairs of the engine almost for certain leaves much to be desired is without fail carried out. In parallel with performing procedures of the general repair of the power unit also recovery repair of such auxiliary components as the ignition distributor (petrol engines), a starter and the generator is usually made. Upon completion of repair the engine acquires the characteristics peculiar for the new unit, and can serve smoothly still many and many thousands of kilometers of a run.
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Such critical components of the cooling system as hoses, driving belts, the thermostat and the water pump when carrying out capital repairs of the engine have to be replaced without fail. Besides, it is necessary to check a condition of a radiator attentively. In case of identification of signs of development of leaks or violation of passability the radiator should be replaced also. Many company workshops of car service do not give a guarantee for operation of the restored engine without performance of professional cleaning and repair of a radiator. Authors of this manual do not recommend to make attempts of performance of recovery repair of the water pump, - it will be more effective and more reliable to replace it new. |
Before starting performance of capital repairs of the engine attentively get acquainted with materials of this part of the Head Remont of the engine, thereby having theoretically prepared themselves for the forthcoming work. Let's notice that capital repairs of the engine do not demand from the performer of high professional level at all (on condition of strict observance of all instructions), however can take away a lot of time. It is necessary to prepare for refusal of use of the car for the term of about two weeks, in particular in need of the request for the help in a mechanical workshop for the purpose of performance of separate recovery work. Carry out small marketing, having defined existence in sale of necessary spare parts, tools and the equipment. Beforehand prepare all necessary materials. The most part of works can be executed with use of usual set of the metalwork tool, however a part of checks by definition of suitability of some components to further use demands use of the high-precision measuring equipment. In doubtful situations address for council specialists of car service who will always help to decide on the choice in a question of need of replacement or recovery repair of any of internal components of the engine.
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Before giving any of details for carrying out recovery repair to a workshop of car service, carry out full dismantling of the engine and dismantle of all its internal components. Do not forget that in a question of expediency of carrying out capital repairs of the engine the condition of the block of its cylinders always is decisive factor. Frequent cheaper and more reliably it appears to replace the worn-out engine restored. Never start acquisition of replaceable components until carefully do not study a condition of the block. Remember that time is the main expensive factor when performing capital repairs of the engine - it is not necessary to spend it for installation of the worked well together or non-standard knots and components aimlessly. |
In conclusion we will notice that all efforts on performance of recovery repair of worn-out components will be spent for nothing at the negligent attitude towards care of maintenance of purity at assembly of the unit.