1.10. Preparation of the car for checkup
General information
This section is made with the purpose to help the owner of the car to be prepared properly for passing of technical inspection of the vehicle. Naturally, it is not possible to make all checks according to professional standards, however consecutive and full implementation of the procedures described below will allow the owner of the car to reveal the defects and deviations capable to lead to refusal in survey by the technical commission of traffic police.
At identification of the knot or component which is on the verge of refusal the owner of the car leaves the solution of a question of need of introduction of the corresponding correction on the discretion. Such decision the general condition of the car is usually taken as a principle. If the vehicle is represented to survey purely washed up and well well-groomed, checking can close eyes to existence of insignificant deviations and wear of certain components, close to border. At the same time, the technical inspector can always determine by a skilled eye the careless relation of the owner to the car and consider it as the aggravating factor.
It is necessary to consider that the list of checks and adjustments provided to attention of the reader is full only at the time of drawing up the present manual. The norms accepted in later time and requirements could not be considered by authors.
Let's notice also that full and high-quality implementation of many of the listed below procedures will require the help of the assistant.
The full list of checks can be broken into several groups which will be correct to be entitled as follows conditionally:
1. The checks made
from the driver's place;
2. The checks which are carried out on the car standing on the earth;
3. The inspections which are carried out on the car which wheels are torn off from the earth and are freely turned;
4. The analysis of composition of the fulfilled gases.
The checks made from the driver's place
Parking brake
|
|
Foot brake
• Squeeze out a pedal of a foot brake against the stop and make sure that it does not continue to fail slowly to a floor. Otherwise it is necessary to check a condition of GTTs. Release a pedal, wait several seconds and again squeeze out it. If the noticeable resistance to squeezing arises only when the pedal fell almost to a floor, it is necessary to make adjustment or repair of brakes. The soft course of a pedal of a brake speaks about hit of air to the hydraulic highway. In this case the hydraulic system has to be pumped over.
|
• Check serviceability of a state and reliability of fastening of a brake pedal.
Also make sure of lack of smudges of liquid under a pedal on a rug or the panel of a floor. Availability of moisture under a pedal speaks about malfunction of GTTs. |
Steering wheel and column
|
• Check a condition and durability of fastening of a nave, spokes and a rim of a steering wheel. |
Windshield and rear-view mirrors
|
• The windshield has to be free from cracks and the other damages limiting to the driver the sector of the review. Existence only of small cavities left by blows of the crushed stone which took off from under wheels is admissible. Rear-view mirrors have to be reliably fixed and free from cracks, besides the mechanism of their adjustment has to work regularly. |
Seats and seat belts
|
|
The listed below checks belong both to lobbies, and to back seat belts. |
|
• Check fabric structure of a belt for lack of cuts, strong attritions and other damages. Examine belts on all their length, do not forget about back if they are provided. Check serviceability of operation of buckles of belts, - they have to be clasped freely and be undone not less freely, providing at the same time reliable fixing in the latched state. In case of application of belts of inertial type make sure of serviceability of functioning of the returnable mechanism. Check a condition of all anchor support of seat belts, access to which is possible from interior of the car.
|
• Front seats have to be reliably fixed on a sled, and their backs - strongly to be fixed in vertical position.
Doors
• Both forward doors have to open and be closed freely as outside, and from within the car. Latches of locks have to fix reliably doors in a closed position.
The checks which are carried out without separation of wheels from the earth
Identification numbers and signs of the car
|
• Registration plates have to be free from dirt and are legible. The distance between digital and warranty blocks (A) has to be twice more than a distance between signs in blocks (B). |
|
• Information stated on Schild to VIN (A) and a homological label (V) has to be legible and legible. |
Electric equipment
• Include ignition and check serviceability of functioning of a horn.
|
• Check a condition of brushes of screen wipers, replace defective brushes. |
• Check serviceability of operation of windscreen washers.
• Check serviceability of functioning of indexes of turns, marker lights and illumination of registration plate. Lenses and reflectors have to be reliably fixed and free from dirt and damages.
• Check functioning of head headlights and correctness of adjustment of the direction of their optical axes. Reflectors should not be grown dull, existence of cracks on lenses is also inadmissible.
• Include ignition and check serviceability of functioning of indexes of turns (including control lamps for dashboards) and the alarm system. Inclusion of side and back marker lights should not exert impact on work of indexes of turns, otherwise it is necessary to check serviceability of grounding in the back combined lamp.
• Check serviceability of functioning of a back fog light (headlights) and its control lamp for dashboards or in the switch.
Foot brake
|
• Examine GTTs, brake tubes and the block of the vacuum amplifier on existence of signs of leaks, weakening of fixture, traces of development of corrosion and mechanical damages. |
|
• The GTTs tank has to be reliably fixed, and liquid level to be in it between top (And) and lower (In) marks in a wall. |
|
• Check both forward flexible brake hoses for existence of cracks, signs of aging of material and other damages. Turn a steering wheel from an emphasis against the stop and make sure that hoses do not make contact with components of a suspension bracket and the steering drive. Having firmly squeezed out a brake pedal, make sure that under pressure on hoses swellings are not formed and traces of leaks do not appear. |
Suspension bracket and steering
• Ask the assistant to rotate a steering wheel here and there in the small range - until the beginning of reaction of the operated car wheels. Estimate the size of a free wheeling of a steering wheel. The excessive side play indicates wear or weakening of hinges of a steering column, the coupling of connection of a column with the steering mechanism or actually rack transfer.
• Ask the assistant to rotate a steering wheel stronger in both directions - so that the operated wheels began to turn. Try to estimate visually a condition of hinges, drafts and support of the steering drive at this time. On cars with the power steering check reliability of fastening and a condition of the steering pump, his driving belt and connecting hydraulic hoses.
• Make sure of horizontal position of landing of the car and adequacy of a road gleam.
Shock-absorbers
|
• Serially press each of car corners to the earth, then sharply releasing them. The body has to revert to the original state without raskachivaniye, otherwise it is necessary to check a condition of the corresponding shock-absorber attentively. Jamming of the shock-absorber can lead to more serious damages of components of a suspension bracket and body of the car. |
System of production of the fulfilled gases
• Start the engine. Ask the assistant to press a lump of rags to a cut of an exhaust pipe and check a path of system for existence of signs of leak of gases. Repair or replace defective sections.
|
• Check serviceability of a condition of rubber suspensions of support of sections of system. |
The checks which are carried out on the car lifted above the ground
The car also establish to Poddomkratta it on props (you do not get the last under car suspension bracket components at all). Make sure that wheels are torn completely off from the earth, and the steering wheel can turn in the full range (from an emphasis against the stop).
Steering mechanism
• Ask the assistant to turn a steering wheel from an emphasis against the stop. Make sure of smoothness of the course of components of the steering drive. No components, including wheels should adjoin to brake hoses, tubes or body elements at the same time.
|
• Check a condition of protective covers of a steering rack. On models with the power steering examine hydraulic lines and their nipple connections on existence of signs of leaks. Make sure of lack of breakthroughs and jammings of components at operation of the steering drive. Check existence and serviceability of forelocks, lock tags and other details of blocking of fixture. Body panels should not be damaged or mentioned by corrosion in a radius of 30 cm around points of fastening of components of the steering drive. |
Forward and back suspension brackets and wheel bearings
• Begin with the right forward wheel. Grasp it in points on 3 and for 9 hours and sharply pull. Existence of a side play speaks about wear or weakening of a pretightness of the wheel bearing, operation of spherical support and hinges, arms and rubber-metal plugs of fastening of components of a suspension bracket.
|
• Now grasp a wheel in points on 12 and for 6 hours and repeat the previous check. Rotate a wheel, checking its bearing for existence of breakthroughs and points of jamming. |
|
• At identification of signs of wear of basic knots of components of a suspension bracket check them by a podrychazhivaniye the screw-driver or flat mount. Existence of a noticeable side play will indicate wear of the rubber-metal plug, a fixing bolt or actually a support arm (often bolted openings gain ovality). |
• Repeat all listed above checks for the remained car wheels.
Springs and shock-absorbers
• Examine suspension bracket racks (at the corresponding complete set) on existence of signs of serious leaks, development of corrosion and mechanical damages of casings. Also check reliability of fastening of support of racks.
• If the car is equipped with screw springs, track that they correctly were placed in saddles, were not burst, deformed or damaged by corrosion.
• In case of a suspension bracket on sheet springs (springs) check serviceability of a condition of springs, reliability of fastening to them of the bridge, and also a condition of rubber-metal plugs of anchor support and earrings of springs.
• The same checks belong also to the cars equipped with other types of a suspension bracket, such as a suspension bracket on the torsion bars, hydraulic displeyser, etc. Check durability of fastening of all support and arms. Make sure of lack of signs of excessive wear, development of corrosion and mechanical damages. On suspension brackets of active type examine hydraulic tubes on existence of signs of leaks and damages.
• Check shock-absorbers for existence of traces of serious leaks. Estimate degree of wear of plugs of support, examine cases of shock-absorbers on existence of signs of mechanical damages.
Power shafts (only for front-wheel cars)
|
• Serially turn both forward wheels, checking a condition of protective covers of CV JOINTS of power shafts. Also check both power shafts for existence of signs of deformations and other damages. |
Brake system
|
• Whenever possible without disassembling brake mechanisms, estimate degree of wear of blocks and check a condition of brake disks. Make sure that material of frictional slips (A) is not worn-out over an admissible limit, and the brake disk (V) is free from cavities, chips, furrows and other mechanical damages. |
• Check a condition of all rigid brake lines and flexible hoses in a back part of the car. Pay attention to corrosion traces, weakening of fastening of nipple connections, attritions, swellings (under pressure), cracks cuts and signs of aging of material.
• Check supports and boards of brake mechanisms for existence of signs of leaks. Repair or replace defective components.
• Slowly rotating serially each of wheels, ask the assistant to squeeze out and release a pedal of a foot brake at this time. Make sure of serviceability of operation of brake mechanisms and that the wheel freely rotates at a pedal otpuskaniye.
|
• Check the mechanism of the drive of the parking brake for existence of breaks and damages of cables, traces of development of corrosion, wear and weakening of fixture of drafts, etc. Make sure that the parking brake reliably blocks the corresponding wheels of the car and completely releases them at a pedal otpuskaniye. |
• It is not possible to check efficiency of functioning of the brake system without the special equipment, however it is necessary to make small trial runs of the car, checking serviceability of its braking without loss of course stability.
Power supply system and production of the fulfilled gases
• Check a condition of a gasoline tank (including a jellied mouth), fuel tubes, hoses and their nipple connections. All components have to be reliably attached and free from damages and signs of leaks.
|
• On all length examine a path of system of release. Check sections and components of system for existence of traces of leak of the fulfilled gases, mechanical damages and signs of development of corrosion. Also check reliability of fastening of sections among themselves and in suspended support. |
Wheels and tires
• Attentively examine sidewalls and protectors of tires of all wheels of the car, including spare. Check tires for existence of cuts, swellings, exposures of a cord, traces of peeling of a protector and its uneven wear. Make sure of correctness of landing of tires on rims of disks. Check a state and correctness of landing of gates of a rating.
• Make sure that the wheels installed on the car on a standard size correspond to a class and model of the vehicle (see Specifications to the Head Routine maintenance). On both wheels of each of axes of the car tires of one standard size have to be installed.
|
• Measure the residual depth of a protector. The minimum admissible value makes 1.6 mm, at least on three quarters of the area of a protector. Uneven wear of a protector indicates violation of geometry of a forward suspension bracket. |
Corrosion of a body
• Check the bearing elements of a body and a frame of the car (including box-shaped sections of the chassis, thresholds, cross beams, racks, and also reference points of components of a suspension bracket, the steering drive and brake mechanisms) for existence of traces of development of corrosion. Thinning of the bearing elements is fraught with creation of an emergency on the road. In that case performance of repair with involvement of experts is required.
• Try to remove all sharp zakraina and agnails which developed on body elements as a result of damage by their corrosion.
Check of a condition of the fulfilled gases
Petrol models
• Warm up the engine up to the normal working temperature and make sure of correctness of all its settings (as it should be there have to be also all accompanying knots and systems: system of ignition, air cleaner, etc.).
• Lift the frequency of rotation of the engine to 2500 rpm and keep it on this value within about 20 seconds, then again dump turns to single and check a condition of an exhaust. If single turns are obviously excessively high, or the exhaust pipe within more than 5 seconds comes out well noticeable smoke of blue color, the car cannot be considered ready to checkup passing. Blue smoke on an exhaust is a sign of burning out of oil owing to internal wear of the engine whereas black confirms incompleteness of combustion of fuel as a result of pollution of the air filter or other violations in a power supply system.
• By means of a gas analyzer the level of content in the fulfilled gases of monoxide of carbon (SO) and hydrocarbonic connections can be determined. In case of need it is necessary to hire a gas analyzer.
Check of level of content in the fulfilled gases of monoxide of carbon (SO)
• At the time of drawing up the present manual the admissible level of contents WITH at single turns of the engine made 3.5% for the cars which came to operation since August, 1986 and 4.5% for older cars. Since January, 1996 in Europe more strict norms for cars, were accepted by the equipped catalytic converter and which began to be operated since August, 1992 (about 0.5%). If it is not possible to achieve hit of level of contents WITH in norm (on condition of correctness of settings of the engine, power supply systems, ignition, etc.), then the reason lies in excessive wear of the carburetor, or other refusal in a power supply system. It is not excluded also that the catalytic converter just failed (in the presence of it in a complete set).
Check of level of content in the fulfilled gases of hydrocarbons
• At the SO normal level concentration of hydrocarbons in the fulfilled gases on single turns of the engine should not exceed 1200 particles on one million. At negative result of this check it should be repeated, having lifted engine turns till 2000 a minute. If now the level of content of hydrocarbons falls below extreme value (1200 h/one million), the car can be considered ready to checkup passing.
• Excessive content of hydrocarbons in the fulfilled gases of the car speaks about burning out of motive oil, or that is more probable, about incompleteness of combustion of fuel.
Diesel models
• The only check of a condition of the fulfilled gases of the diesel engine is measurement of intensity of an exhaust. For check it is necessary to lift several times sharply turns to maximum admissible for the unloaded value engine.
|
|
For performance of this check extremely important that the gas-distributing belt was in good repair! |
• Excessive intensity of the fulfilled gases in the elementary case can be caused by pollution of the filtering air cleaner element, otherwise it is necessary to ask for the help specialists of car service.